A motor grader is an earth-moving machine that uses a scraper to level the ground. The scraper is installed between the front and rear axles of the machine and can be raised, lowered, tilted, rotated and extended. It has flexible and accurate movements and is easy to operate.
Une niveleuse est un engin de terrassement qui utilise un grattoir pour niveler le sol. Le grattoir est installé entre les essieux avant et arrière de la machine et peut être relevé et abaissé, incliné, tourné et étendu. Les mouvements sont flexibles et précis, et l’utilisation est facile.
The blade (also called scraper or shovel board) of a grader is its core working component, which is directly involved in operations such as earth leveling, scraping, and bulldozing.
La lame (également appelée grattoir ou pelle) d’une niveleuse est son composant de travail principal, qui est directement impliqué dans des opérations telles que le nivellement de la terre, le grattage et le bulldozer.
The following is a detailed introduction to the motor grader blade, including its structure, function, operating techniques and maintenance recommendations:
1. Blade structure and type/Structure et type de lame/Estructura y tipo de cuchilla
(1). **Basic structure**
– **Blade**: Made of high-hardness alloy steel, replaceable, responsible for direct contact with the material.
– **Blade frame**: supports the blade, with angle and height adjustable by hydraulic cylinder.
– **Turntable**: Installed at the front/middle of the grader, it enables the blade to rotate horizontally (0°~360°).
– **Tilt mechanism**: Adjust the left and right tilt angle of the blade (±15°~30°).
(2) **Common types**
– **Straight Blade**: Standard blade, suitable for leveling hard surfaces or loose materials.
– **Curved Blade**: The blade is curved, suitable for fine leveling or slope work.
– **Adjustable Blade**: The blade is designed in sections, and the local angle can be adjusted independently to adapt to complex terrain.
2. Main functions of the shovel/Principales fonctions de la pelle/Funciones principales de la pala
(1). **Earth Leveling**: Precisely control ground elevation through horizontal rotation and tilt adjustment of the blade.
(2). **Scraping and pushing**: Adjust the cutting depth, scrape away excess soil or push the material to the specified location.
(3). **Slope trimming**: Use the blade tilting function to trim the slope of the road or ditch.
(4). **Mixing materials**: Mix soil and stabilizers (such as cement and lime) through repeated scraping.
3. Blade operation skills/Compétences en matière d’utilisation de la lame/Habilidades de manejo de cuchillas
(1). **Angle adjustment principle/Principio de ajuste del ángulo**
– **Horizontal rotation**: Adjust the angle between the blade and the machine body according to the working direction (usually 30°~60°).
– **Tilt angle**: When material is piled up on one side, the tilted blade guides the material flow.
– **Cutting Depth**: Control the blade down force through the hydraulic system to avoid overload or slipping.
(2). **Operation mode selection/Selección del modo de operación**
– **Leveling mode**: The blade tilts slightly forward, moves in a straight line at a constant speed, and scrapes thin layers multiple times.
– **Bulldozer mode**: Increases the blade’s forward rake angle and cuts deeper, making it suitable for quickly transferring materials.
– **Fine trimming**: Reduce vehicle speed, reduce blade rotation angle, and use manual assistance.
4. Common faults and solutions/Défauts courants et solutions/Fallos comunes y soluciones
(1). **Blade wear or chipping**
– **Reason**: Impact by hard objects, long-term failure to replace.
– **Handling**: Replace the blade in time and clean up the debris on the ground before operation.
(2). **Blade shaking or deviation**
– **Reason**: The blade is not installed evenly, the hydraulic system pressure is unstable, and the turntable bearing is worn.
– **Handling**: Check the tightness of bolts, the sealing of hydraulic pipelines, and lubricate the slewing mechanism.
(3). **Hydraulic action is slow**
– **Cause**: Hydraulic oil contamination, cylinder leakage, control valve stuck.
– **Handling**: Replace the hydraulic oil filter element, overhaul or replace the cylinder seal.
(4). **The blade cannot be fixed at a fixed angle**
– **Cause**: Locking pin broken, hydraulic lock failed.
– **Handling**: Replace locking pin and check hydraulic lock solenoid valve.
5. Maintenance and care recommendations/Recommandations d’entretien et de soins
(1). **Daily Inspection**
– Check the blade for wear and whether the bolts are loose before operation.
– Clean the dirt adhering to the back of the blade to prevent corrosion.
(2). **Lubrication and anti-corrosion**
– Regularly lubricate the slewing plate bearings and the hinge points of the tilting mechanism (use high-pressure resistant grease).
– Spray anti-rust agent during non-operating period to prevent the blade from rusting.
(3). **Blade Replacement**
– The blade needs to be replaced when it is worn to 1/3 of its original thickness. Replace in groups to ensure balance.
– During installation, ensure that the blade fits tightly against the blade frame and tighten according to the torque specified in the instructions.
(4). **Hydraulic system maintenance**
– Replace the hydraulic oil regularly (recommended every 500 hours) and check if there are bubbles in the rodless chamber of the cylinder.
6. Safety precautions/Précautions de sécurité
(1) During operation, it is strictly forbidden for personnel to stand behind the shovel to prevent material splashing.
(2) Before adjusting the blade angle, stop the machine and lock the hydraulic system.
(3) When transferring over long distances, the shovel should be lifted to the highest position and secured.
7. Blade upgrade and optimization/Mise à niveau et optimisation de la lame
(1). **Wear-resistant coating**: Spray tungsten carbide coating on the blade surface to extend service life.
Revêtement résistant à l’usure** : Vaporisez un revêtement en carbure de tungstène sur la surface de la lame pour prolonger sa durée de vie.
(2). **Intelligent control**: An angle sensor is installed to display the blade inclination angle and pressure in real time to improve operation accuracy.
Contrôle intelligent** : Un capteur d’angle est installé pour afficher l’angle d’inclinaison de la lame et la pression en temps réel afin d’améliorer la précision de fonctionnement.
Through proper operation and regular maintenance, the blade can significantly improve the efficiency of the grader and reduce the failure rate. If you encounter complex problems (such as hydraulic system leakage or structural deformation), it is recommended to contact a professional maintenance team for processing.
