A motor grader is a high-speed, efficient, high-precision and multi-purpose earth-moving machinery that uses a scraper to level the ground. The scraper is installed between the front and rear axles of the machine and can be raised and lowered, tilted, rotated and extended. It is flexible and accurate in movement, easy to operate, and can level the site with high precision. It is suitable for building roadbeds and pavements, building slopes, and digging ditches. It can also mix road mixtures, remove snow, push bulk materials, and maintain dirt and gravel roads.
Correct use of the grader can not only improve work efficiency, but also ensure operational safety and extend the life of the equipment. The following are its usage tips and precautions:
1. Usage Tips/Conseils d’utilisation/Consejos de uso
1) Preparation before operation
o Check equipment: Confirm that the hydraulic system, tires, brakes, lights, blades and other components are in good condition and that there is sufficient fluid (fuel, hydraulic oil, lubricating oil).
o Adjust the blade angle: Adjust the blade inclination angle according to the work requirements (usually 30°~60° to the ground) to ensure that the blade is sharp and firmly fixed.
o Familiarize yourself with the environment: clear obstacles (such as rocks, tree roots) in the work area and mark dangerous areas (such as gullies, cables).
2) Control during operation
o Smooth start: Run at a low speed after starting, and then gradually increase the speed after the hydraulic system pressure returns to normal.
o Precision Control:
▪ Use the hydraulic handle to control the lifting, tilting and side shifting of the blade, keeping the movements smooth and avoiding sudden stops and drops.
▪ Control the direction of the machine body through the steering wheel, and adjust the angle of the blade to achieve precise scraping.
o Layered operation: For thicker soil layers, scrape in multiple times (each scraping depth is 5~15cm) to avoid overload operation and damage to the equipment.
3) Operation mode selection
o Leveling the ground: Keep the blade level, move forward at a slow and steady speed, and observe the leveling effect through the rearview mirror or sensor.
o Slope trimming: Adjust the blade tilt angle to match the slope surface, and work from the top of the slope to the bottom to avoid side sliding.
o Trench excavation: fix the blade angle and move the machine body to form a trench, paying attention to controlling the depth and width.
4) Efficient work skills
o Use gravity: When scraping downhill, use the gravity of the machine body to increase the scraping force, and when scraping uphill, reduce the blade pressure appropriately.
o Cross-operation: Use “S” shaped or cross-route to reduce repeated scraping and improve efficiency.
o Real-time adjustment: Dynamically adjust the blade height and speed according to changes in ground hardness to avoid idling or overloading of the equipment.
2. Notes/Remarques/Notas
1) Safety operation specifications
Personnel safety:
▪ Operators must be certified and wear safety equipment (such as helmets and reflective clothing).
▪ It is strictly forbidden for unauthorized persons to approach during operation, and the horn should be sounded to warn when reversing.
Environmental safety:
▪ Avoid turning at high speed on the edge of a slope or on soft ground to prevent rollover.
▪ When working in rainy days or at night, the warning lights should be turned on to ensure clear vision.
2) Equipment protection
o Avoid overloading: Do not use the shovel to forcibly push large rocks or hard soil to prevent overloading of the hydraulic system.
o Anti-collision: When working, pay attention to avoid underground pipelines, manhole covers and other facilities, and keep the shovel blade at least 1 meter away from obstacles.
o Stopping rules: After the operation is completed, put the shovel blade to the ground, turn off the engine, remove the key, and tighten the parking brake.
3) During operation, the blade or ripper must be lowered after the machine starts, so that the load can be added slowly. Otherwise, it will cause starting difficulties or even damage the machine parts. In order to avoid excessive idling, the blade or ripper can be lowered to a position close to the ground before starting.
4) Try to use a larger rotation angle so that the blade has a greater cutting pressure per unit length.
5) When the soil is hard, a smaller shovel angle can be used to reduce cutting resistance; if you want to improve the leveling accuracy or material and effect, the shovel angle can be slightly increased.
6) The blade rotation angle, soil scraping angle and side inclination (outward inclination) must be adjusted when the machine is parked, but the left and right extension of the blade can be carried out during use.
7) When the blade is raised or lowered, the left and right lifting levers should be gradually moved, but do not adjust too much. Otherwise, the machine will be overloaded and slip, causing the working surface to be wavy or uneven.
8) When working on a slope, the front wheels should be kept vertical to obtain good adhesion by tilting the front wheels. It is strictly forbidden to use a grader when the transverse slope is greater than 10°.
9) When working on the edge of a newly filled roadbed, the grader should be at least 1m away from the edge of the roadbed to prevent collapse.
10) When performing shoveling, scraping, or shoveling soil with the corner of a knife and using a tiller, it is best to use a low speed gear; when scraping on loose soil, a low speed gear should be used; when scraping on loose soil, a medium speed gear can be used.
11) Handling of special situations
o Fault response: If the equipment vibrates abnormally, makes unusual noises, or the hydraulic system fails, stop the machine immediately for inspection and do not operate it with faults.
o Emergency evacuation: When encountering the risk of landslide or mudslide, quickly evacuate the work area to ensure personal safety.
3. Maintenance and care/ Entretien et soins/Mantenimiento y cuidado
1) Daily maintenance
o Clean the dirt on the blade and tires daily and check the tightness of the bolts.
o Check the hydraulic oil pipe for leakage and replace the filter element and oil regularly.
2) Regular maintenance
o Lubricate the slewing bearings, hinge points, etc. every 50 hours of operation.
o Check tire wear every quarter and replace or balance tires if necessary.
3) Long-term storage
o When not in use, park the equipment in a flat and dry place, apply anti-rust oil to the blade, and disconnect the battery.
4. Energy saving and environmental protection
Économie d’énergie et protection de l’environnement
Ahorro de energía y protección del medio ambiente
• Reduce idling: Reduce engine speed when idle and avoid long periods of idling.
• Plan routes reasonably: reduce ineffective driving and lower fuel consumption.
• Control dust: When working in a dry environment, spray water mist to suppress dust.
Summarize/Résumer/Resumir
The efficient use of the grader requires a combination of standardized operation, safety awareness and regular maintenance. The operator should be proficient in the performance of the equipment, flexibly adjust it according to the actual working conditions, and strictly abide by safety regulations to ensure the quality of the project and personal safety.
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